The application of microalgae  and seaweed -based  protein as food already has great  interest in the food and beverage industry. Microalgae and seaweed  technologies  would not required to use of a large amount of  open land to produce protein, fucoidan, astaxanthin, and nutraceuticals products.

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Microalgae called "Spirulina" have been studies as potential source of protein for food and feed supplement. These microalgae are produced industrially worldwide  and being recognized as GRASS( General Recognized as Safe) by Food and Drug Administration (USA) and accepted by the European Union for human consumption.  Apart from a high protein content and balanced amino acids composition. Its biomass contains compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour, anti-vital and anti-microbial activities. Some of these compounds have been determined to boost the immune system and prevent disease such as cancer, diabetes, hypertension, hyperglycaemia, cardiovascular and respiratory disorder. It has also been suggested that the supplementation with  Spirulina biomass or it extracts could help immune systems to fight different viral infections, including  those  by SARS-COV2, the etiologic agent of COVID-19. This immunity boosting activity has been related to the presence of some polysaccharides, carotenoids, phycobiliproteins, fatty acid and biopeptides in the biomass.  In this context, this algae strain will boost the effect of the immune  system  for exploring its antiviral activity and respective mechanisms.  The application of the biomass as supplement and nutraceuticals has great potential.

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Fermentation  process  like fed batch with the selection of appropriate strain together with an alternative substrates  alongside with downstream continuous processing  enable to produce cost-effective  bioactive molecules for several  industrial applications. 

The selected  microalgae strain  which is not dependent on sunlight growth, can grow in a fermenter with  an appropriate substrates  as a medium, to extract high value nutrient such as protein, fucoxanthin,  eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)  and DHA. Throughout this approach enable to cut the  production cost for minimizing the amount of raw material required for the entire operation. 

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Another objective  is to underpin and tackle an alternative approach to discover a bacteria strain and enzymes that will degrade fossil plastics under novel technology that work at minimum temperature and pressure for a full circular economy of multiple plastics such as  PP ( i.e. polypropylene), PEF (i.e. Polyethylene furanoate) and PET ( i.e. polyethylene terephthalate) for sustainable biopolymer that undergo biodegradation to control environmental footprint.

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The second approach  is to use  D-Latic acid which is an important chemical polymer  that can be produced from food waste stream as a biomass,  suitable alternative substrate for fermentation process like fed- batch alongside with downstream continuous processing techniques could  provide significant high yield, purity, content and recovery rate of sustainable biopolymer plastic uses for industrial applications.

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Third approach is to use a single cell protein  as an alternative feed/food . The major challenges is to select  microbials strains ( i.e. fungi, bacteria, yeasts and algae) alongside with  appropriate substrate as a cost-effective carbon sources ( e.g. molasses, cheese whey and rice straw) via fed- batch fermentation process followed by downstream process techniques.